Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn’t sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors which all play a part in women’s longevity more than males, we aren’t sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.
It is known that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this isn’t because of certain biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ابر التخسيس (http://www.wandtrends.at/index.php?title=Benutzer:KennithWilfred) ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a newborn boy.1
It is interesting to note that, while the advantage for women exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half each year.
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In the richer countries, the women’s advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let’s now look at how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.
There is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once tiny however, it has grown significantly over time.
You can verify that the points you’ve listed are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the “Change country” option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.