Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What’s the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? What is the reason has this advantage gotten larger in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn’t sufficient to reach an unambiguous conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors which all play a part in the longevity of women over men, we don’t know what percentage each factor plays in.
We have learned that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. But this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line – which means that in every country that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1
This chart illustrates that, although there is a women’s advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live for Vipescortserviceindelhi.com.xx3.kz/go.php?url=https://glorynote.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b2%d9%84/ 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.
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In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women used to be smaller
Let’s look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.
The first is that there is an upward trend. as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
Second, the gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small however, it has grown significantly over time.
You can check if these principles are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the “Change country” option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.
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